Chemical Reactions Essay Example for Free

Chemical Reactions Essay Introduction In this paper you learn about the reactions that occur between backing soda and lemon juice. We will also describe what is occurring with the molecules on a molecular level. Lastly we will explain what chemical bonds are formed and or broken when lemon juice and backing soda. Observations of the Reactants When most people hear baking soda they think of the bright orange box sitting in their pantry or refrigerator soaking up the foul odors that have come about from the onions or fish. Some may think of pancakes or baking a cake. Baking powder is a fine white substance with the consistency of powdered sugar. Baking soda is a chemical base. Another substance most people do not recognize as a chemical in their household is Lemon Juice. This is a liquid mixture of water and citric acid. Its color is mildly foggy and a pale yellow. Lemon juice is a chemical acid and when mixed with a base like baking soda creates a reaction. Reactions that occur Mixing lemon juice with baking soda gives you a chemical reaction. The lemon juice contains citric acid. The citric acid from the lemon juice will donate a hydrogen ion (H+) to the bicarbonate or baking soda (NaHCO3). When the bicarbonate is mixed into solution, the bicarbonate acts as a base and takes the H+ ion from the citric acid to form carbonic acid (H2CO3) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Whenever a chemical reaction produces gas, it will be highly favored due to its large increase in entropy associated with the gas formation. In this reaction, you will notice the solution bubbling and foaming due to the CO2 production. The reaction of lemon juice and baking soda is as follows: C6H8O7 + 3NaHCO3 Na3C6H5O7 + 3H2CO Essentially, one molecule of citric acid will react with three molecules of sodium bicarbonate. This will form one molecule of sodium citrate and three molecules of carbonic acid. It is a very exothermic chemical reaction. Molecular Level Baking soda or sodium bicarbonate is a salt while lemon juice is a citric acid. When combined, on a molecular basis, the acid in the lemon juice is able to lose a hydrogen (H+) ion while the sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) of the baking soda is able to gain an ion. Mixed in a solution, the NaHCO3 dissociates into a sodium (Na+) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) ion. The HCO3- then takes the H+ ion to form H2CO3 (carbonic acid). Bonds that formed and broken The bonds that are forming between the lemon juices and backing soda are polar covalent bonds. The bonds have an uneven electron share which is known as a dipole moment that makes them insoluble. Each the backing soda and the lemon juice have bonds that are broken. The bonds that are broken in the citric acid are when the H+ ions are taken away to form the H2CO3 and CO2. While this is happening the two molecules are sharing there atoms which is making then fight one another. So in return the baking soda does not naturalize the lemon juice like most acids and bases do. This is the violent bubbling reaction you see occur when the two are mixed. Conclusion Backing soda and lemon juice are two very few reactants that react the way they do. Normally a base and an acid turn neutral. This is not the case between these two chemicals. The molecules fight on another casing them to react violently resulting in the bubbling situation that is observer. As you have learned these two chemicals react in a way to form a gas called carbon dioxide. The color changed mildly to form a fogy white color. When it is compared on a pH level it is stronger than stomach acid. This experience has showed us that different reactants react in many different ways and that is why it is important to observe them many different items before make an assumption. Reference Swindells, J. (n.d.). What does lemon juice and baking soda do?. Retrieved from http://www.blurtit.com/q7839108.html Tro, N. J. (2009). Introductory chemistry. (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. What is the chemical equation for lemon juice and baking soda. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_chemial_equation_for_lemon_juice_and_baking_soda

Thomas Hobbes Philosophy Essay -- Thomas Hobbes Philosophy

Thomas Hobbes Thomas Hobbes was an English philosopher who lived from 1588-1679. He attended Oxford University where he studied classics. His occupation was a tutor, but he also traveled around Europe to meet with scientists and to study different forms of government. He became interested in why people allowed themselves to be ruled, and what would be the best form of government for England. Thomas Hobbes was the first great figure in modern moral philosophy. Hobbes had a pessimistic view of people; he believed humans were selfish creatures who would do anything to better their positions. He also thought that people could not be trusted to make decisions on their own, and a country needed an authority figure to provide direction and leadership. Therefore, Hobbes believed in an absolute monarchy - a government that gave all power to a king or queen. He also thought that people should obey their king, even if he is a tyrant. He said that because people were only interested in promoting their own self-interests, democracy would never work. In fact, he thought democracy was very dangerous. But even though he distrusted democracy, he believed that a diverse group of representatives presenting the problems of the common person would prevent a king from being unfair and cruel. Hobbes coined the phrase, "Voice of the people," meaning one person could be chosen to represent a group with similar views. In 1651, Thomas Hobbes wrote his famous work, "Leviathan" which put into...

Morality and Honesty Essay

The meaning of honesty is â€Å"truthfulness† Honesty is a great value which is recognized all over the world. A person is born with the quality of honesty but it is difficult to find a truly honest person. This â€Å"honesty† word is very much know to whole world but has less impact on the character main part of our society. The value of honesty is highest compliment for a person. An honest person can also be identified by his nature and behavior like sun. The sun is known to all by its light and energy. An honest man succeeds in life better than a dishonest man. He is trusted by the people, and respected for his moral character. A dishonest person may cheat some people some time, but not all the time. Today’s biggest gap in true sense is the honesty; which not strength properly in the young generation specially school student. It does not mean that; the taught is not in the schools but wan to draw the attention of the school teaching system. The school student must be impressed with honest practice rather than paying strong attention on the science subjects. This is one of the good values of our growing youngster kids and school student. In the future they will carry the nation on their feet. We all have to dictate the tremendous value of honesty to our kids from very beginning from their childhood. An honest man becomes morally strong and character is like a sharp sword made of stainless steel. Thus an honest man moves in the society freely like pure and sacred flower spreading sweet smell in all directions. But when a dishonest man is met on the road, people try to avoid his sight or company lest they should fall into his evil trap or get into some trouble for nothing. Today’s people forget the best policy, â€Å"honesty is the best policy†. One who remains honest all his life, honesty becomes his goodwill in the life time. It is honesty that leads him to reach the goal. He becomes fearless, straightforward, outspoken, and possesses clear conception of everything on earth; and hence he is capable of taking correct decision and giving faultless judgment in any matter. We have to realize the value of honesty otherwise social, economical balance will be lost. One day we answer our life before God. Thus his life becomes miserable.

Expository Essay On A Midsummer Nights Dream - 711 Words

Abby Kuhlman L.Liebl 10A Hour 4 Expository Essay 1 Nov. 2017 Crazy in Love The famous quote You can t be wise and in love at the same time, by Bob Dylan, applies to three of the main characters in William Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream: Hermia, Helena, and Lysander. Reason and love are often at odds in real life, and this romantic comedy shows how these characters struggle to balance between the two. Hermia has a crazy determination to marry Lysander. Hermia is willing to go against her father s wishes just to marry the man of her dreams, and would even go as far as giving up her life. So will I grow, so live, so die, my lord, Ere I will my virgin patent up Unto his lordship, whose unwishà ¨d yoke My soul†¦show more content†¦226-243) Helena is saying that even though the majority of the town thinks she is as beautiful as Hermia, none of that matters to her. If Demetrius does not think that Helena is beautiful, then she doesn t think that way of herself either. Helena realizes that love can make people blind, and she realizes that she is obsessing over him but still cannot help herself. Helena is in need of some more love towards herself and a little less towards Demetrius. Last but definitely not least, Lysander. Lysander is a young man who falls in love with Hermia, just like Demetrius has. The difference between Lysander and Demetrius, however, is that Hermia loves Lysander back. Therefore, hear me, Hermia. I have a widow aunt, a dowager †¦ From Athens is her house remote seven leagues, And she respects me as her only son. There, gentle Hermia, may I marry thee. And to that place the sharp Athenian law Cannot pursue us (1.1. 156-167). Here Lysander is suggesting that Hermia runs away with him to his aunt s house where they can get married. Lysander is willing to move away just to marry and be with Hermia. The two lovers plan to run away and elope so that they can be together forever, regardless of what Hermia s father and Demetrius have to say about it. In conclusion, Helena, Hermia, and Lysander all lose their minds in love. Helena obsesses over Demetrius and wishes to be the one that he loves someday. Hermia disobeys her father because her love for